Rate' Singing: Religious humming as a marker of cultural identity in Makassar’s life cycle rituals

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Jun 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33153/dewaruci.v19i1.5992
Keywords:
Rate' singing, Makassarese culture, Life cycle rituals, Ethnographic research, Cultural identity

Main Article Content

Khaeruddin Khaeruddin
Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-7800
Rachmat Rachmat
Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-0505

Abstract

This research on traditional arts related to religion or belief aims to uncover the life cycle flow of the Makassarese people through Rate's singing. The specific objectives of this research are to answer the following questions: (1) What is the function of Rate' singing? (2) Why is Rate's singing currently rarely performed in Makassar ethnic communities? (3) How can the regeneration of Rate's singing be achieved? This ethnographic qualitative research employs various data collection methods, including observation, interviews, and document studies. The research was conducted in Makassar and Gowa cities. The results indicate the following: (1) The function of Rate' in the Makassarese community is primarily as a medium for prayer, an invitation for good fortune, a rejection of bad luck, a confirmation of customary procedures, and a means of ethical education for the next generation. Rate' singing in sacred Makassarese activities aims to bring people closer to God; (2) The period of turmoil in Sulawesi, starting with the arrival of Japan and followed by the struggle for Indonesian independence, influenced the continuity of traditional art in South Sulawesi, particularly Makassarese art. After the security in South Sulawesi gradually recovered, the community began to focus on improving their welfare, viewing cultural arts, especially traditional ceremonies, as wasteful and non-materially beneficial; (3) Rate' singing faced near extinction as the nobility, or karaeng descendants, began to lose their traditional culture. The remaining Pa'Rate' are few and elderly, with no successors to inherit their knowledge. As a form of literature, the traditional way of conveying Rate' is known only to older generations. The transmission of ma'Rate's skills is conducted within the Parate family itself.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Issue
Vol. 19 No. 1 (2024)
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

License and Copyright Agreement

In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:

  • They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
  • The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal. Please also carefully read Dewa Ruci's Posting Your Article Policy at https://jurnal.isi-ska.ac.id/index.php/dewaruci/about/editorialPolicies#peerReviewProcess
  • That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
  • That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
  • They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
  • They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.

Copyright

Authors who publish with Dewa Ruci: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Seni agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Licensing for Data Publication

Dewa Ruci: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Seni use a variety of waivers and licenses, that are specifically designed for and appropriate for the treatment of data:

Other data publishing licenses may be allowed as exceptions (subject to approval by the editor on a case-by-case basis) and should be justified with a written statement from the author, which will be published with the article.

Open Data and Software Publishing and Sharing

The journal strives to maximize the replicability of the research published in it. Authors are thus required to share all data, code or protocols underlying the research reported in their articles. Exceptions are permitted but have to be justified in a written public statement accompanying the article.

Datasets and software should be deposited and permanently archived inappropriate, trusted, general, or domain-specific repositories (please consult http://service.re3data.org and/or software repositories such as GitHub, GitLab, Bioinformatics.org, or equivalent). The associated persistent identifiers (e.g. DOI, or others) of the dataset(s) must be included in the data or software resources section of the article. Reference(s) to datasets and software should also be included in the reference list of the article with DOIs (where available). Where no domain-specific data repository exists, authors should deposit their datasets in a general repository such as ZENODO, Dryad, Dataverse, or others.

Small data may also be published as data files or packages supplementary to a research article, however, the authors should prefer in all cases a deposition in data repositories.

References

S. Syamsudduha, K. Kamaruddin, H. Hanafi, and M. R. Tang, "Educational Value and Character in Pappaseng Bugis (Buginese Message)," J. Lang. Teach. Res., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1092-1102, Sep. 2014, doi: 10.4304/jltr.5.5.1092-1102.

https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.5.5.1092-1102

N. Wahidah, P. Patimah, and M. Ilyas, "Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Tradisi Appakaramula (Studi Kasus di Lingkungan Tana-Tana Kel. Canrego Kec. Pol-Sel Kab. Takalar," Qadauna J. Ilm. Mhs. Huk. Kel. Islam, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 91-103, 2021.

Muhammad Taufan Djafri, S. Syandri, A. Aswar, and Zulkarnain Alim Said, "Tinjauan Hukum Islam tentang Adat Istiadat Ma'rate' dalam Acara Pernikahan (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Pantai Bahari Lambupeo' Bangkala, Kabupaten Jeneponto)," Bustanul Fuqaha J. Bid. Huk. Islam, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 287-300, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.36701/bustanul.v2i2.363.

https://doi.org/10.36701/bustanul.v2i2.363

M. Ali, "Integration of Islam into the Malay and Bugis-Makassar kingdoms," in Southeast Asian Islam, London: Routledge India, 2024, pp. 121-142.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032702902-8

R. Schechner and R. Schechner, Performance studies: An introduction. Routledge, 2017.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203125168

J. W. Creswell and J. D. Creswell, Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications, 2017.

R. J. Pelias and J. VanOosting, "A paradigm for performance studies," Q. J. Speech, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 219-231, May 1987, doi: 10.1080/00335638709383804.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00335638709383804

G. Solis, "Thoughts on an Interdiscipline: Music Theory, Analysis, and Social Theory in Ethnomusicology," Ethnomusicology, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 530-554, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.5406/ethnomusicology.56.3.0530.

https://doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.56.3.0530

N. F. Fitri, N. Nensilianti, and S. S. Saguni, "Fungsi Pappaseng Toriolo Dalam Masyarakat Bugis Soppeng Kajian Etnolinguistik," Indones. J. Soc. Educ. Stud., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 202-211, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.26858/ijses.v2i2.24903.

https://doi.org/10.26858/ijses.v2i2.24903

R. Rachmat, "Formula Action Learning As A Strategy To Deal With The Problem Of Art Education In Formal Schools," J. Pakarena, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 105-111, 2021.

J. Thiessen and B. McAlpine, "Sacred space: function and mission from a sociological and theological perspective," Int. J. Study Christ. Church, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 133-146, May 2013, doi: 10.1080/1474225X.2013.781911.

https://doi.org/10.1080/1474225X.2013.781911

T. Handfield, "The coevolution of sacred value and religion," in Religion and its Evolution, London: Routledge, 2023, pp. 36-55.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032628042-4

N. Salam and F. Lapele, "The Cultural Symbol of Akkorongtigi in the Wedding Tradition of Makassar Society," Wawasan J. Ilm. Agama dan Sos. Budaya, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 179-190, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.15575/jw.v5i2.8317.

https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v5i2.8317

A. S. W. Batara and S. R. Musyaqqat, "Tradisi Maudu' Lompoa di Maros Sulawesi Selatan 1996-2021," JAWI, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 26-37, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.24042/jw.v6i1.16622.

https://doi.org/10.24042/jw.v6i1.16622

M. P. M. Vink, "From Sideshow to Main Theatre of War, 1658-1669," in Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century, BRILL, 2016, pp. 356-410.

https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004272620_008

S. Anggrawansyah, "Pakarena di Sulawesi Selatan: Dari tarian tradisional ke neo-tradisonal/Anggrawansyah Syaharuddin." University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2017.

W. Cummings, "Scripting Islamization: Arabic Texts in Early Modern Makassar," Ethnohistory, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 559-586, Oct. 2001, doi: 10.1215/00141801-48-4-559.

https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-48-4-559

L. Y. Andaya, "The Makassar War," in The Heritage of Arung Palakka: A History of South Sulawesi (Celebes) in the Seventeenth Century, BRILL, 1981, pp. 73-99.

https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004287228_005

A. Khoirudin and Q. Aulassyahied, "Reinterpreting Muhammadiyah's Purification and Its Implications for the Educational Philosophy," Progres. J. Pemikir. dan Pendidik. Islam, vol. 12, no. 02, pp. 161-178, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.22219/progresiva.v12i02.29596.

https://doi.org/10.22219/progresiva.v12i02.29596

N. Nurbaity and T. Tundjung, "The History of Republic Indonesia: Defend and Reinforce to be up Againts Insurgiencies," LANGGAM Int. J. Soc. Sci. Educ. Art Cult., vol. 2, no. 01, pp. 23-31, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.24036/langgam.v2i01.79.

https://doi.org/10.24036/langgam.v2i01.79

W. Bougas, "Bantayan : An Early Makassarese Kingdom, 1200-1600 A.D," Archipel, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 83-123, 1998, doi: 10.3406/arch.1998.3444.

https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.1998.3444

M. Rössler, "Striving for modesty; Fundamentals of the religion and social organization of the Makassarese Patuntung," Bijdr. tot taal-, land- en Volkenkd. / J. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Southeast Asia, vol. 146, no. 2, pp. 289-324, Jan. 1990, doi: 10.1163/22134379-90003220.

https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003220

I. Caldwell and W. Bougas, "The early history of Binamu and Bangkala, South Sulawesi," Bijdr. tot taal-, land- en Volkenkd. / J. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Southeast Asia, vol. 160, no. 4, pp. 456-510, 2004, doi: 10.1163/22134379-90003720.

https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003720

C. Sather, "Sama Dilaut Ways of Being at Sea: Navigating Unbounded and State Space in Island Southeast Asia," J. Soc. Issues Southeast Asia, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 90-124, 2024, doi: 10.1355/sj39-1e.

https://doi.org/10.1355/sj39-1e

H. Hamsiati, W. Hamid, and M. Mustolehudin, "Manuskrip La Galigo dalam Tradisi Massure' di Wajo-Sulawesi Selatan," J. Lekt. Keagamaan, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 207-238, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.31291/jlka.v19i1.906.

https://doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v19i1.906

H. Haslinda and S. A. W. Latief, "Nilai Budaya Sipakatau, Sipakainga, Sipakalabirik dalam Film 'Anak Karaeng':(Kajian Sosiologi Budaya)," J. Konsepsi, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 233-241, 2022.

D. O'Donoghue, "Inheriting Art Education," Stud. Art Educ., vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 3-9, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1080/00393541.2019.1707051.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00393541.2019.1707051

J. Cui and K. Khomkrich, "Ethnic Music Inheritance and Environmental Monitoring Using Big Data Analysis from the Cultural Perspective," J. Environ. Public Health, vol. 2022, pp. 1-9, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/2485596.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2485596