Unveiling the melodic traditions of Mahzani: an ethnomusicological investigation of Tombulu music in Indonesia's Minahasa region

Main Article Content

Deny V. R. Pogalin
Dewi Tika Lestari

Abstract

This research explores the Mahzani ethnic music tradition, which holds significance among the Tombulu sub-ethnic group of the Minahasa region. As an expression of their cultural identity, Mahzani encapsulates the richness of Tombulu music, encompassing artistic diversity, spiritual values, and the philosophy of life cherished by the Tombulu people. The aim of this study is to analyze the distinctive musical elements that contribute to the unique atmosphere of the Mahzani tradition. This study uses an ethnomusicological approach. This approach collects and analyzes data, namely the melodies of traditional Mahzani music in the cultural context of the Tombulu people as the owners of the music. The ethnomusicological analysis is carried out by analyzing the physical and non-physical forms of Mahzani music to reveal its melodic richness and its aesthetic and philosophical meanings. This comprehensive approach ensures a thorough examination of the musical elements and their cultural implications within the context of the Mahzani tradition. In the end, the result of this research is that the combination of poetry and melody in a single unit of Mahzani's expression at the time has unveiled a unique and mystical atmosphere. At this level, the Tombulu people believe that music has vibrations that are connected to nature and the creator. Music is no longer just a medium for expressing itself, but it is the intention of the expression of human life in relation to their living environment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Section
Articles

References

V. Katuuk and R. P. Pamantung, “Lily Royor, Maengket, and Mah’zani Dance Song Lyrics in Minahasa,” in International Congress of Indonesian Linguistics Society (KIMLI 2021), 2021, pp. 262–265, doi: 10.2991/assehr.k.211226.052.

U. Mai, Peasant pedlars and professional traders: subsistence trade in rural markets of Minahasa, Indonesia. ISEAS Publishing, 1987. doi: 10.1355/9789814379083

J. M. Saruan, “Opo dan Allah Bapa: suatu studi mengenai perjumpaan agama, suku dan Kekristenan di Minahasa,” The South East Asia Graduate School of Theology, 1991.

S. Bereg, J. M. Díaz-Báñez, N. Kroher, and I. Ventura, “Computing melodic templates in oral music traditions,” Appl. Math. Comput., vol. 344–345, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2018.09.071.

H. Shi, “Research on the Digital Presentation and Inheritance of Traditional Music in the Internet Era,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, vol. 1992, no. 4, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1992/4/042041.

P. Loui and E. H. Margulis, “Creativity and tradition: Music and bifocal stance theory,” Behav. Brain Sci., vol. 45, 2022, doi: 10.1017/S0140525X22001212.

D. Tika Lestari, “Religious Conflict Transformation through Collective Memory and the Role of Local Music,” 2019, doi: 10.2991/icrpc-18.2019.22.

S. M. Pandaleke and M. H. Maragani, “Identitas Kultural Masyarakat Minahasa (Musik Mazani Pada Generasi Milenial),” Virtuoso J. Pengkaj. dan Pencipta. Musik, vol. 5, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.26740/vt.v5n1.p41-48.

C. Pua, A. Palit, and R. Terok, “Modal Kultural Kakantaran Tombulu Sako Meleng Ulalan Lampangan,” J. Kaji. Linguist., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2020. doi: 10.35796/kaling.8.1.2020.29102

C. Randles, “Phenomenology: A review of the literature,” Appl. Res. Music Educ., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 11–21, May 2012, doi: 10.1177/8755123312436988.

S. Kantarelis, E. Dervakos, N. Kotsani, and G. Stamou, “Functional harmony ontology: Musical harmony analysis with Description Logics,” J. Web Semant., vol. 75, p. 100754, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.websem.2022.100754.

W. F. Thompson, N. J. Bullot, and E. H. Margulis, “The psychological basis of music appreciation: Structure, self, source.,” Psychol. Rev., vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 260–284, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1037/rev0000364.

J. Baily, “Learning to perform as a research technique in ethnomusicology,” Br. J. Ethnomusicol., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 85–98, Jan. 2001, doi: 10.1080/09681220108567321.

B. Hanshi, S. Sularso, and M.-C. B. Clarisse, “The Change of Concept: the Formation and Reflection of Applied Ethnomusicology,” Gelar J. Seni Budaya, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 114–120, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.33153/glr.v19i2.3978.

P. L. Sunderland, “Fieldwork and the Phone,” Anthropol. Q., vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 105–117, Jul. 1999, doi: 10.2307/3317425.

E. T. Bonner and H. L. Friedman, “A conceptual clarification of the experience of awe: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.,” Humanist. Psychol., vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 222–235, Jul. 2011, doi: 10.1080/08873267.2011.593372.

L. Finlay, “Engaging Phenomenological Analysis,” Qual. Res. Psychol., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 121–141, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1080/14780887.2013.807899.

M. Belotto, “Data Analysis Methods for Qualitative Research: Managing the Challenges of Coding, Interrater Reliability, and Thematic Analysis,” Qual. Rep., vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 2622–2633, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3492.

A. Erdmann and S. Potthoff, “Decision Criteria for the Ethically Reflected Choice of a Member Check Method in Qualitative Research: A Proposal for Discussion,” Int. J. Qual. Methods, vol. 22, pp. 1–11, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1177/16094069231177664.

S. Sularso, M. Jazuli, D. Djatiprambudi, and B. Hanshi, “Revitalizing cultural heritage: Strategies for teaching Indonesian traditional music in elementary schools,” Int. J. Educ. Learn., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 79–88, 2023. doi: 10.31763/ijele.v5i1.1016

S. Gunara, T. Setiawan Susanto, and F. Cipta, “The authenticity of music culture of Kampung Naga and Cikondang Indigenous people, West Java, Indonesia,” Altern. An Int. J. Indig. Peoples, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 26–36, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1177/11771801221084517.

X. Li, “The Narrative Form of Music Text and Its Sound Vocabulary,” Open J. Soc. Sci., vol. 09, no. 02, 2021, doi: 10.4236/jss.2021.92007.

C. Hernandez-Olivan and J. R. Beltrán, “Music Composition with Deep Learning: A Review,” in Advances in speech and music technology: computatio, 2023, pp. 25–50. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-18444-4_2

Y. Wang and A. Majeed, “How do users’ feedback influence creators’ contributions: an empirical study of an online music community,” Behav. Inf. Technol., vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 1357–1373, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1080/0144929X.2022.2073472.

D. T. Lestari, Musik, Konflik, dan Perdamaian: Studi Etnomusikologi. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius, 2019.

J. Wenas, Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Minahasa. Manado: Institut Seni Budaya Sulawesi Utara, 2007.

N. Graafland, Minahasa: Negeri, Rakyat, dan Budayanya. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti, 1991.

P. Rumengan, Musik Vokal Minahasa: Teori, Gramatika Dan Estetika. Jakarta: Kongres Kebudayaan Minahasa, 2009.

V. Katuuk and R. P. Pamantung, “Lily Royor, Maengket, and Mah’zani Dance Song Lyrics in Minahasa,” in International Congress of Indonesian Linguistics Society, 2021, pp. 262–265, doi: 10.2991/assehr.k.211226.052.

I. H. Khan, Dimensi Mistik Musik dan Bunyi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Sufi, 2002.

P. S. Campbell, “Deep Listening to the Musical World,” Music Educ. J., vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 30–36, Sep. 2005, doi: 10.2307/3400224.

D. Lee, “Organising music’s structures: The classification of musical forms in Western art music,” J. Inf. Sci., p. 016555152311673, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1177/01655515231167384.

I. Mencke, C. Seibert, E. Brattico, and M. Wald-Fuhrmann, “Comparing the aesthetic experience of classic–romantic and contemporary classical music: An interview study,” Psychol. Music, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 274–294, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1177/03057356221091312.

S. K. Baker and M. M. Ingalls, “The musical rhetoric of charismatic revival: continuity and change in the songs of the Toronto Blessing and Bethel Church,” J. Pentecostal Charism. Christ., vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 17–32, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1080/27691616.2022.2042043.