Enhancing community economies through legal protection models of traditional knowledge and cultural expressions: a study on Indonesia's communal intellectual property framework

Authors

  • Anang Pratama Widiarsa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Surakarta, Surakarta, Central Java
  • Hanita Mayasari Fakultas Hukum Universitas Surakarta, Surakarta, Central Java

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33153/glr.v22i2.6256

Keywords:

Legal protection and utilization model, Communal intellectual property, Traditional knowledge , Traditional cultural expressions, Creative ecosystem

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of legal protection models for Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions (TKTCE) on the economic development of communities in Indonesia. It emphasizes the government's role in regulating TKTCE as an integral component of communal intellectual property (CIP) that can be effectively integrated into the national development framework. The study employs a juridical-normative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary legal materials, which were collected through comprehensive literature reviews and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. This research highlights significant gaps in the current regulatory framework, particularly the inadequacies in international conventions that have led to economic losses for Indonesia. The findings indicate that the government's recent initiatives, including Government Regulation Number 56 of 2022, aim to enhance protective measures for TKTCE, thereby fostering a creative ecosystem that benefits local communities. This research is crucial as it addresses the intersection of legal protection, cultural expression, and economic improvement, providing insights into how effective legal frameworks can empower communities and preserve cultural heritage.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] W. Ekatjahjana, “Laporan Akhir dan Evaluasi Hukum Mengenai Kekayaan Intelektual (Dampak Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja),” Jakarta, 2021.

[2] Y. M. Putri, R. W. Putri, and H. S. Tisnanta, “Communal Rights As Hegemony in the Third World Regime: Indonesian Perspective,” Indonesian Journal of International Law, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 289–315, 2022, doi: 10.17304/ijil.vol19.2.5.

[3] A. Ardianyah, “The position of the wto valuation agreement and international agreements regulating customs values from the theory of applicability of international law,” IBLAM LAW REVIEW, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 121–140, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v2i2.20.

[4] N. K. S. Dharmawan et al., “Quo Vadis Traditional Cultural Expressions Protection: Threats from Personal Intellectual Property and Artificial Intelligence,” Law Reform: Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 321–343, 2023, doi: 10.14710/lr.v19i2.58639.

[5] D. P. D. Kasih, N. K. S. Dharmawan, I. B. W. Putra, K. A. Sudiarawan, and A. S. Rakhima, “The exploitation of indigenous communities by commercial actors: Traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expression,” Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 91–108, 2021, doi: 10.29333/ejecs/898.

[6] P. R. Indonesia, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 56 Tahun 2022 tentang Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal. 2022.

[7] C. S. T. Kansil, A. G. Abdullah, and S. Bustani, “Urgency Of Protection Of Communal Rights Of The Community Of Yogyakarta Central Java On The Copyright Of The Traditional Architecture Works Reviewed Under Law Number 28 Of 2014 Regarding Copyright,” J. Legal Ethical & Regul. Isses, vol. 24, p. 1, 2021.

[8] C. Irawan, “Protection of traditional knowledge: A perspective on Intellectual Property Law in Indonesia,” The Journal of World Intellectual Property, vol. 20, no. 1–2, pp. 57–67, Mar. 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12073.

[9] M. Agung, “Putusan Mahkamah Agung, No. 832 K/Pid.Sus/2009, Tanggal 23 Februari 2022, Atas Tuntutan Perkara Pidana Tingkat Kasasi Jaksa Penuntut Umum Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar No. 302/Pid.B/2008/PN.Dps, Tanggal 10 Oktober 2008, Perkara Pelanggara,” 2009.

[10] M. F. Sofari, “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Traditional Knowladge di Indonesia dalam Sistem Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Berdasarkan World Intelectual Property Organitation,” AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1677–1690, 2023.

[11] E. A. Prasada, “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengetahuan Tradisional di Indonesia,” Jurnal Kepastian Hukum dan Keadilan, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 45–54, 2022.

[12] F. Haris, Modul Kekayaan Intelektual Bidang Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual, Kemenkumham RI, 2019.

[13] O. S. Mandala, R. Renda, B. Anggara, M. Y. Putrajip, M. C. U. Assa’ady, and M. Taufik, “Strategi perlindungan hak kekayaan intelektual untuk peningkatan standar kualitas dalam seni cilokak suku sasak,” Panorama: Jurnal Kajian Pariwisata, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 21–30, 2024.

[14] Rahyanto, “Posisi Negara Dalam Pelindungan Hukum Atas Pengetahuan Tradisional dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional Masyarakat Adat Indonesia,” Media HKI, vol. 7, no. 4, 2015.

[15] M. H. Yanova, P. Komarudin, and H. Hadi, “Metode Penelitian Hukum: Analisis Problematika Hukum Dengan Metode Penelitian Normatif Dan Empiris,” Badamai Law Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 394–408, 2023.

[16] I. Y. Isdiyanto and D. Putranti, “Perlindungan Hukum atas Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional dan Eksistensi Masyarakat Hukum Adat Kampung Pitu,” Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 231–256, 2021.

[17] A. D. Christinawati, “Living law dalam kuhp indonesia perspektif hukum adat dan dampaknya terhadap penegakan hukum,” Civilia: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 87–97, 2024.

[18] W. Ulya, “Implementasi Hukum Rahasia Dagang Sebagai Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Di Era Digital,” JIPRO: Journal of Intellectual Property, pp. 13–19, 2023.

[19] U. C. Fareza, “Pengesahan Perjanjian Internasional Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 13/PUU-XVI/2018 Terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional,” LEX ADMINISTRATUM, vol. 9, no. 2, 2021.

[20] S. Salsabila, “Perlindungan Bagi Pemegang Hak Cipta Font dari Internet Berdasarkan UU ITE dan UU Hak Cipta,” Padjadjaran Law Review, vol. 9, no. 2, 2021.

[21] P. Putri and R. Zubaedah, “Eksistensi Haki di Indonesia Pada Era Disrupsi,” Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 453–460, 2023.

[22] E. V. Setyoningsih, “Implementasi Ratifikasi Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right (Trips Agremeent) terhadap Politik Hukum di Indonesia,” Jurnal Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 117–129, 2021.

[23] M. Sood, M. Mahmuluddin, and Z. Zulkarnaen, “Penerapan Tindakan Antidumping Dalam Perdagangan Internasional Dalam Rangka Melindungi Produk Industri Dalam Negeri,” Jurnal Kompilasi Hukum, vol. 9, no. 1, 2024.

[24] M. N. Istiqmalia and I. E. Joesoef, “Itikad Baik Dalam Pendaftaran Merek: Studi Perlindungan Hukum Pemilik Merek Terkenal Di Indonesia,” Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 406–426, 2021.

[25] D. Sulistianingsih and R. M. A. Ilyasa, “The Impact of Trips Agreement on the Development of Intellectual Property Laws in Indonesia,” Indonesia Private Law Review, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 85–98, 2022.

[26] R. Abduh and F. Fajaruddin, “Intellectual property rights protection function in resolving copyright disputes,” International Journal Reglement & Society (Ijrs), vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 170–178, 2021.

[27] W. I. Wardani, “Paradigma ilmu hukum dalam dunia sains,” Jurnal Darma Agung, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 284–293, 2023.

[28] D. Yuanitasari and S. Suparto, “Peran Negara Dalam Sistem Ekonomi Kerakyatan Berdasarkan Pancasila Untuk Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Sosial,” ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 36–51, 2020.

[29] R. J. Moertiono, “Perjanjian Kredit Pemilikan Rumah dalam Perspektif Teori Perlindungan Hukum,” All Fields of Science Journal Liaison Academia and Sosiety, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 252–262, 2021.

[30] N. Rahman, “The Pure Theory of Law: Revisiting the Normative Dimensions and Critical Legal Science of Hans Kelsen,” Supremo Amicus, vol. 30, p. 401, 2022.

[31] R. Alexy, “Gustav Radbruch’s Concept of Law,” Law’s Ideal Dimension, vol. 26, no. 1946, 2021.

[32] P. Rahmat and M. A. N. Arif, “Telaah Filosofis Makna Kepatuhan Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Hukum,” El-Ahli: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 15–30, 2022.

[33] N. A. Sinaga, “Pentingnya Perlindungan Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual Bagi Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia,” Jurnal Hukum Sasana, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 144–165, 2020.

[34] R. Sahindra, “Pelaksanaan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dalam Kerangka Pembangunan Budaya Hukum (Diskursus Filosofis Keberadaan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual di Indonesia),” Journal Equitable, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 272–291, 2022.

[35] D. Darwance, Y. Yokotani, and W. Anggita, “Dasar-Dasar Pemikiran Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual,” PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 193–208, 2020.

[36] E. F. M. Manullang, “Misinterpretasi Ide Gustav Radbruch mengenai Doktrin Filosofis tentang Validitas dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang,” Undang: Jurnal Hukum, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 453–480, 2022.

[37] Y. E. Widyanti, “Perlindungan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional Indonesia Dalam Sistem Yang Sui Generis,” Arena Hukum, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 388–415, 2020.

[38] K. B. Wirayuda, K. Sudiatmaka, and D. G. S. Mangku, “Implementasi Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis Terkait Adanya Peniruan Logo Merek Terdaftar Dikota Singaraja,” Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 145–155, 2020.

[39] P. H. Kusuma and K. Roisah, “Perlindungan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional Dan Indikasi Geografis: Suatu Kekayaan Intelektual Dengan Kepemilikan Komunal,” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 107–120, 2022.

[40] A. M. R. P. Nugraha, “Tinjauan Yuridis Hak Paten di Dalam Kerangka Hukum Nasional di Indonesia,” Binamulia Hukum, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2022.

[41] A. Mulyono, Z. Asikin, and D. Martini, “Perlindungan hukum terhadap pemakai terdahulu suatu invensi yang sama dalam sistem paten,” Commerce Law, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 11–17, 2021.

[42] M. M. Ashiddiq, M. Amirulloh, and H. N. Muchtar, “Perlindungan Desain Industri Terhadap Praktik Peniruan Desain Berdasarkan Kualifikasi Kebaruan Desain Industri,” Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran, PALAR (Pakuan Law Review) Volume, vol. 7, 2021.

[43] A. R. Nugraha, “Perlindungan hukum terhadap hak pendesain industri atas gugatan pembatalan pendaftaran desain industri (Studi Putusan MA No 407. K/Pdt. Sus/HKI/2019),” Fiat Iustitia: Jurnal Hukum, pp. 235–253, 2022.

[44] T. A. Hutajulu, “Konsepsi public domain pada pengaturan hak kekayaan intelektual di Indonesia,” Jurnal Darma Agung, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 447–458, 2024.

[45] K. A. S. Febriyana and A. A. P. W. Sugiantari, “Pengaturan Banten Sebagai Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional Dalam Perspektif Hak Cipta,” Jurnal Hukum Mahasiswa, vol. 2, no. 02, pp. 431–443, 2022.

[46] H. S. Disemadi and C. Kang, “Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Kreatif di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0,” Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 54–71, 2021.

[47] N. A. Murtadho, “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Desain Tata Letak Sirkuit Terpadu Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Pidana Dalam Hukum Positif,” Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–21, 2024.

[48] R. Adawiyah and R. Rumawi, “Pengaturan hak kekayaan intelektual dalam masyarakat komunal di indonesia,” Repertorium: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Kenotariatan, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–16, 2021.

[49] A. E. Kesek, “Pengaturan hukum inventarisasi kekayaan intelektual komunal,” lex administratum, vol. 12, no. 4, 2024.

[50] T. Dagne, “Law and Policy on Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge and Development: Legally Protecting Creativity and Collective Rights in Traditional Knowledge Based Agricultural Products Through Geographical Indications,” The Estey Centre Journal on International Law and Trade Policy, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 68–117, 2010.

[51] D. S. J. Sembiring, T. N. A. Narwadan, and A. Balik, “Perlindungan Pengolahan Naniura Masyarakat Batak Toba Atas Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional,” PATTIMURA Law Study Review, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 11–20, 2024.

[52] S. Karimullah, “Perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang eksperesi budaya tradisional sebagai bagian dari kekayaan intelektual komunal di provinsi jambi.” Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 2023.

[53] A. P. Aprilia, F. Ramadhani, R. Susanto, and N. E. Ambarwati, “When Law and Technology meet: Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dalam Pemanfaatan Konten Budaya Lokal oleh Generasi Z,” Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 195–206, 2024.

[54] S. Handayani, “Perlindungan Hukum Hak Desain Industri Sebagai Upaya Menarik Investasi Bagi Pembangunan Ekonomi di Indonesia,” Simbur Cahaya, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 47–63, 2022.

[55] I. M. Achmadi, A. T. Kamila, and F. Angelina, “Penegakan Perlindungan Hak Cipta Bagi Karya Buatan Artificial Intelligence Menggunakan Doktrin Work Made For Hire,” Anthology: Inside Intellectual Property Rights, vol. 1, no. 1, 2024.

[56] D. Nurfitri, “Perlindungan kekayaan intelektual komunal pasca terbitnya peraturan pemerintah nomor 56 tahun 2022 tentang kekayaan intelektual komunal,” Jurnal De Lege Ferenda Trisakti, pp. 53–61, 2023.

[57] O. V. Wiro, “Perlindungan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional Bali Terhadap Klaim PT Karya Tangan Indah (Studi Kasus Putusan No. 823/K/Pid. Sus/2009),” UNES Law Review, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 9617–9632, 2024.

[58] A. Situmeang and L. M. Fajar, “Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 27 Tahun 2016 Tentang Formasi Jabatan Notaris dan Penentuan Kategori Daerah Terhadap Penempatan Notaris Kepulauan Riau,” Journal Of Law And Policy Transformation, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2020.

[59] M. R. E. Prabowo, N. K. Sari, and E. Zulaika, “Kajian Yuridis Pendaftaran Pisang Mas Kirana sebagai Produk Indikasi Geografis Kabupaten Lumajang,” Syntax Idea, vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 626–634, 2020.

[60] H. Panjaitan, Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen: Reposisi dan Penguatan Kelembagaan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Dalam memberikan Perlindungan dan Menjamin Keseimbangan Dengan Pelaku Usaha. Jakarta: Jala Permata Aksara, 2021.

[61] N. Fitriani and A. Sulistiyono, “Perlindungan Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal terhadap Obat Tradisional Jamu sebagai Pengetahuan Tradisional,” Aliansi: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 253–279, 2024.

[62] H. Sihaloho, S. Zein, N. Hasibuan, and M. A. Manodohon, “Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities for the Development of Economic Globalization in Business Law in Indonesia,” Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 1751–1764, 2023.

[63] I. Hariyani, C. Y. Serfiyani, and R. S. D. Purnomo, Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Sebagai Jaminan Kredit. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi, 2024.

[64] Y. Rochadiningsih, T. Nasution, H. Pardamean, and M. Amin, “Analisis Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2022 Dalam Mewujudkan Skema Pembiayaan Berbasis Kekayaan Intelektual,” Jurnal Magister Ilmu Hukum, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1, 2023.

[65] N. Huda, E. S. Astuti, B. Martawardaya, D. A. Purwanto, E. Listiyanto, and M. M. Fahmid, Proyeksi Ekonomi Indonesia 2022: Pemulihan di atas Fundamental Rapuh. INDEF, 2022.

[66] C. Nisa’Berliantika, H. Susiatiningsih, and F. E. Wahyudi, “Strategi Pemerintah Korea Selatan Dalam Ekspor Industri Kreatif Tahun 2016-2018,” Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 499–510, 2022.

[67] G. A. P. N. Priyantini, K. Sudiatmaka, and N. K. S. Adnyani, “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tradisi Megoak-Goakan Sebagai Wujud Pelestarian Identitas Budaya Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta Dan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemajuan Kebudayaan (Studi Kasus Tradisi,” Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 593–610, 2022.

[68] E. J. Purba and A. Kurnia Putra, “Perlindungan Hukum Warisan Budaya Tak Beda Berdasarkan Convention for The Safeguarding Of The Intangible Cultural Heritage2003 dan Penerapannya di Indonesia,” Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 90–117, 2020.

[69] M. R. Ayu, L. L. M. SH, P. D. H. Alexander, M. H. SH, and S. H. LL M Wina Puspitasari, Hukum sumber daya genetik, pengetahuan tradisional dan ekspresi budaya tradisional di Indonesia. Penerbit Alumni, 2022.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-27

Issue

Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Anang Pratama Widiarsa, Hanita Mayasari

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright

Authors who publish with Gelar: Jurnal Seni Budaya agrees to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.